sedimentary, structure

Banded Iron Formation, Soudan

Some absolutely gorgeous ~2.7 Ga Banded Iron Formation (BIF) from Soudan, Minnesota. The rotating silver and reddish layers are hematite and jasper respectively, and these BIFs differ from their Proterozoic counterparts in that they were chemically precipitated. The outcrop is intensely folded and shows numerous interference patterns, meaning that there are folds that have been… Continue reading Banded Iron Formation, Soudan

petrology, volcanology

Welded Tuff

Welded tuff is a type of pyroclastic rock. A pyroclastic deposit consists of fragmented material that is formed from explosive volcanic activity or from aerial expulsion from a volcanic event.  These pyroclasts may be deposited in the form of pyroclastic flows [a dense, ground-hugging cloud of ashy material], forming ignimbrites (Greek for “fire cloud material”).… Continue reading Welded Tuff